NURS 6501 GASTROINTESTINAL AND HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS Question 1
NURS 6501 GASTROINTESTINAL AND HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS
Question 1
The contributing factors to the patient’s development of PUD comprise smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, stress and the persistent use of NSAIDS medications. The disease develops due to chronic wounds around and beyond the stomach’s muscular mucosa lining (Sadiq et al., 2020). Underlying factors triggering such occurrences constitute alcohol and smoking, producing acids that erode the lining. The two have the greatest possibility of increasing the production of hydrochloric acid, destroying the mucosa lining and creating wounds around the duodenum and the stomach walls (Sadiq et al., 2020). Different medications alongside chronic stress also heighten the risk of PUD for the patient. The factors explain the underlying reasons for the health outcome.
Question 2
Scenario 1: Peptic Ulcer
What is the pathophysiology of PUD formation of peptic ulcer?
PUD formation into a peptic ulcer results from an imbalance between the destructive and the mucosal protective aspects of the gastric lining in the stomach. Most of the time, PUD is characterized by the development of mucosal wounds due to a high difference in the aggressive and mucosal aspects (Malik et al., 2018). H-pylori infections enhance the problem by creating an imbalance that perforates the ulcers in the peritoneal activity. The outcome interferes with gastric activity, causing severe discomfort and pain (Malik et al., 2018). Such elements illustrate the pathophysiology of PUD formation with a peptic ulcer.
Flag question 3
Scenario 2: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
If the client asks what causes GERD, how will you explain this as a provider?
The client needs to understand that GERD is caused by the continuous regurgitation of contents in the gastric area into the esophagus. Most of the time, the condition develops due to delayed emptying of the gastric contents, impairments on the lower levels of the esophageal sphincter (LES) and reduced acid clearance from the esophagus (Clarrett & Hachem, 2018). The three factors, together with unhealthy eating habits accompanying sleep time, influence the development of GERD. The development of GERD is directly influenced by other factors that constitute morbid obesity, causing an excessive body mass index (Clarrett & Hachem, 2018). The foul taste in the mouth is also a common symptom, signaling problems in acid control in the patient’s gastric region. The insights guide the patient’s understanding of the causative factors of GERD.
Question 4
Scenario 3: Upper GI bleed
What are the variables here that contribute to an upper GI bleed?
In the identified case, the patient can suffer from upper gastrointestinal bled due to ageing, epigastric inflammation and the excessive use of antacids. Old age remains a key risk factor for bleeding in senior patients. From the patient’s details, the condition might have also been caused by inflammation of the gastric region (Antunes & Copelin, 2021). The outcome is due to the problem occurring around the duodenum. The increased use of antacid medications also remains a variable factor causing the health outcome for the patient. The problem occurs when the gastric lining is destroyed, causing bleeding that can be seen in faecal matter.
Question 5
Scenario 4: Divercutilitis
What can cause diverticulitis in the lower GI tract?
The condition is caused by infections in one or more of the diverticular areas of the lower gastrointestinal tract. It occurs in the region because complex pieces of digested food or fecal matter can get stuck inside the pouches (Hawkins et al.,2020). When that occurs, the present bacteria multiply rapidly, causing infections in the affected regions. The stool bacteria multiply themselves and spread faster, thus causing infections in the digestive system. The sac-like protrusions around the gastrointestinal tract in the lower section become inflamed and infected (Hawkins et al.,2020). The compounds trigger abnormalities such as intestinal spasms. The occurrences lead to the development of diverticulitis in the long term.
References.
Antunes, C., & Copelin II, E. L. (2021). Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In Stat Pearls [Internet]. Stat Pearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470300/.
Clarrett, D. M., & Hachem, C. (2018). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Missouri medicine, 115(3), 214.
Hawkins, A. T., Wise, P. E., Chan, T., Lee, J. T., Mullaney, T. G., Wood, V., … & Lightner, A. L. (2020). Diverticulitis–an update from the age-old paradigm. Current problems in surgery, 57(10), 100862. Doi: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100862.
Malik, T. F., Gnanapandithan, K., & Singh, K. (2018). Peptic ulcer disease. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534792/.
