- Physical: Efficient functioning of the body; maintaining physical health through exercise, nutrition, and sleep.
- Intellectual: The ability to use intellectual capacities and knowledge to think critically, learn, and make decisions.
- Emotional: The capacity to manage and express emotions appropriately and maintain mental health.
- Social: The ability to form meaningful relationships and interact well with others.
- Spiritual: Involves having a sense of purpose, values, and beliefs that provide direction in life.
- Environmental: Awareness of how external factors such as air, water, and living conditions impact health and well-being.
2. Health Promotion:
- Definition: The development of positive health behaviors by providing knowledge, techniques, and community support.
- Components:
- Knowledge: Learning new information about health-related behaviors and their benefits or risks.
- Techniques: Applying this knowledge to daily life and finding ways to modify current behaviors.
- Community Supports: Utilizing environmental or regulatory measures to support the adoption of health-promoting behaviors.
3. Healthy People 2020:
- Vision: A society where all people live long, healthy lives.
- Goals:
- Attain high-quality, longer lives free from preventable disease, injury, and premature death.
- Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
- Create social and physical environments that promote good health for everyone.
- Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
4. NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey):
- Focus: Assesses the nutritional and health status of Americans.
- Data Collection: Includes dietary intake, medical history, biochemical evaluations, physical exams, and measurements of selected American population groups.
- Food Intake Records: Participants keep a record of what they eat for 2 days (referred to as “What We Eat in America”).
- Comparison: Nutrient values are compared with recommended dietary standards.
5. Disease Prevention:
- Primary Prevention: Activities that prevent the initial development of a disease or poor health (e.g., vaccinations, healthy diet).
- Secondary Prevention: Early detection of diseases to halt or reduce their effects (e.g., screenings, early treatment).
- Tertiary Prevention: Efforts taken after a disorder has developed to minimize further complications or restore health (e.g., rehabilitation, chronic disease management).
6. Health Literacy:
- Formal Education: Structured education in school settings, such as health courses taught by a school nurse.
- Nonformal Education: Learning that occurs through organized events in hospitals, clinics, and community centers (e.g., American Heart Association workshops).
- Informal Education: Education that happens during daily activities, such as watching TV, reading newspapers, or conversations. Nurses teaching patients and their families falls under this category.
7. Nutrients:
- Categories and Functions:
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy.
- Simple Carbohydrates: Sugars found in fruits, milk, and sweeteners.
- Complex Carbohydrates: Starches and fibers found in cereals, grains, pastas, fruits, and vegetables.
- Source: Glucose.
- Kcal Values: 4 kcal per gram.
- Proteins: Provide energy, regulate body processes, and aid in growth and repair.
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy.