Answer:
Two common classes of medications used to treat left-sided heart failure are:
1. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Examples: Lisinopril, Enalapril
Nursing Considerations:
- Monitor Blood Pressure: ACE inhibitors can cause hypotension, particularly after the first dose, so it’s essential to closely monitor the patient’s blood pressure.
- Assess for Cough: A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors. If the cough is problematic, the healthcare provider may consider switching to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB).
2. Beta-Blockers
Examples: Metoprolol, Carvedilol
Nursing Considerations:
- Monitor Heart Rate: Beta-blockers can reduce the heart rate, so it’s
important to regularly check the patient’s pulse. If the pulse drops below 60 beats per minute, the medication may need to be withheld, and the healthcare provider should be informed.
- Monitor for Signs of Worsening Heart Failure: While beta-blockers are beneficial in managing chronic heart failure, they can initially worsen symptoms such as fatigue or fluid retention. It’s crucial to monitor the patient’s weight and respiratory status to detect any signs of worsening heart failure, such as increased shortness of breath or swelling.
These medications are essential in managing left-sided heart failure, and careful monitoring by nurses ensures that potential side effects are identified early and managed appropriately.