Author: Liu

Overview: Cryptosporidium is a parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, a type of gastroenteritis leading to diarrhea and vomiting. While the infection typically resolves within a week or two in healthy individuals, it can be life-threatening for immunocompromised patients. Symptoms: Watery diarrhea Dehydration Lack of appetite Weight loss Stomach cramps Fever Nausea/Vomiting Some individuals may be asymptomatic…

Although the majority of rhinovirus infections occur in children, our knowledge of the symptomatology is mainly acquired from adults. Accurate determination of symptoms is a challenge in children because symptoms are reported second-hand by parents trying to interpret what their child may feel. Two studies have evaluated the expression of cold symptoms in children who…

There are a number of religious arguments typically raised against ARTs. Some Christian traditions claim that all ARTs are ethically impermissible because they separate the natural process of procreation from intercourse within marriage, which is seen as unnatural (for discussion, see Cahill and McCormick, 1987; Fisher, 1989). ARTs are also viewed as a threat to…

The clinical features suggestive of RF were first established in 1944 by T. Ducket Jones ( Jones, 1944), and thereafter updated and modified occasionally to increase the specificity for diagnosis of RF (Table 1). Carditis is the single most important manifestation of the RF and its presence determines the course of disease, its duration, and…

As elaborated by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), the right to health under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (United Nations, 1966b), encompasses an entitlement to the information, education, and means necessary to realize the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. This includes: access to family…

Sexuality and reproduction were long governed by religious and political ideology, enforced through criminal law. Individual control over these matters was regarded as threatening to moral values, gender hierarchies, and family security. Birth control, abortion, and certain forms of sexual behavior were, and in many countries remain, defined as crimes against morality (Cook et al.,…

Respiratory diseases unrelated to tobacco exhibit considerable geographical variation in national prevalence rates even within Europe, which is taken as an illustrative example, using the European Lung White Book data. Worldwide, the variations and disease mix may be even more widely divergent. Of necessity, each will be discussed here briefly. Asthma This common lifelong airways…

The recognition that epilepsy is a multifaceted disorder consisting of seizures, underlying brain dysfunction, and numerous psychosocial complications has prompted major efforts around the world to identify and overcome the barriers to optimum quality of life for persons with epilepsy. Public health initiatives have sought to improve education about epilepsy among health-care practitioners, ministers, teachers,…