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As elaborated by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), the right to health under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (United Nations, 1966b), encompasses an entitlement to the information, education, and means necessary to realize the highest attainable standard of sexual and reproductive health. This includes: access to family…

Sexuality and reproduction were long governed by religious and political ideology, enforced through criminal law. Individual control over these matters was regarded as threatening to moral values, gender hierarchies, and family security. Birth control, abortion, and certain forms of sexual behavior were, and in many countries remain, defined as crimes against morality (Cook et al.,…

Respiratory diseases unrelated to tobacco exhibit considerable geographical variation in national prevalence rates even within Europe, which is taken as an illustrative example, using the European Lung White Book data. Worldwide, the variations and disease mix may be even more widely divergent. Of necessity, each will be discussed here briefly. Asthma This common lifelong airways…

The recognition that epilepsy is a multifaceted disorder consisting of seizures, underlying brain dysfunction, and numerous psychosocial complications has prompted major efforts around the world to identify and overcome the barriers to optimum quality of life for persons with epilepsy. Public health initiatives have sought to improve education about epilepsy among health-care practitioners, ministers, teachers,…

Patients with epilepsy often experience an unsatisfactory quality of life because of a variety of epilepsy-related psychosocial factors, such as stigma and psychiatric comorbidity. Stigma adversely affects patients with epilepsy, especially those with difficult-to-control seizures, and particularly in developing, resource-poor countries. Perceived and enacted stigma impact on nearly all everyday activities of persons with epilepsy,…

Cancers In 2002, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reviewed more than 50 studies of passive smoking and lung cancer and concluded that the excess risk of lung cancer from exposure to a spouse’s smoking was 20% for women and 30% for men. In Britain, with a population of around 58 million people,…

Several constituents of SHS can be measured in air including nicotine, particulates, carbon monoxide, and other chemicals. The levels of these pollutants in the air of specific venues, when combined with information on frequency and duration of visits to those venues, allows estimation of an individual’s overall exposure to SHS. Concentrations of tobacco-derived pollutants in…

School leadership, and in particular the principal, have a key role in the implementation and sustainability of school health promotion. The principal is central to creating the organizational conditions, capacity, and readiness required for successful implementation of an initiative. The capacity building aspect relates to time and resource allocation, competence development, and administrative structures and…

Successful implementation of a school health promotion program requires systematic planning and full engagement of target groups in order to inspire commitment, focus, and preparation to complete required tasks. Below follows an outline of the core elements of successful development and implementation of a school health promotion program. The Development And Implementation Process According to…