How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6501 ENDOCRINE DISORDERS MODULE 4

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The patient exhibits dyspnea and left leg pain, which are typical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE can lead to various pulmonary conditions, including pleural effusion/pleuritis. This condition is characterized by chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and fluid accumulation in the pleural space (Dörner & Furie, 2019). Pleuritis, with or without pleural effusion, is a prevalent manifestation of acute pulmonary involvement in SLE. Immune complex deposits in different organs primarily cause the pathology in SLE. This activates complement and other inflammatory mediators, resulting in symptoms like leg pain and inflammation (Aringer, 2020).          

Racial/Ethnic Variables

Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Black and White Hispanics have a higher incidence and severity of SLE (Barber et al., 2021). SLE is three times more common in African-American women than in White women, and although the prevalence of SLE in Hispanic women is unknown, it is greater than in White women (Tsokos, 2020). A large percentage of Amerindian ancestry is correlated with an increased number of risk alleles for SLE, and there is abundant evidence that distinct susceptibility genes for SLE exist between Blacks and Whites or Hispanics (Fanouriakis et al., 2020).

Interaction of Processes

The patient’s medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus, recent airplane travel, and use of oral birth control may all contribute to her current clinical condition. Combined hormonal contraceptives, like the birth control pill, may be appropriate for certain lupus patients. However, caution should be exercised in individuals with highly active disease or heightened susceptibility to blood clots, such as those with positive antiphospholipid antibodies and previous instances of blood clots, among other risk factors (Basta et al., 2020). Extended periods of sitting can pose challenges for individuals with joint or muscle pain. Individuals with lupus may have an increased susceptibility to the formation of blood clots due to prolonged periods of sitting. It is advisable to take stretch breaks every hour while driving for extended periods, stand up, and frequently engage in movement during prolonged flights.

Conclusion

The patient has a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, she experiences flare-up symptoms due to risk factors, such as prolonged sitting during air travel. When managing this patient, it is essential to consider the genetic factors that contribute to the disease, particularly in patients from diverse racial backgrounds.

References

Aringer, M. (2020). Inflammatory markers in systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Autoimmunity, 110, 102374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102374

Barber, M. R., Drenkard, C., Falasinnu, T., Hoi, A., Mak, A., Kow, N. Y., Svenungsson, E., Peterson, J., Clarke, A. E., & Ramsey‐Goldman, R. (2021). Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 17(9), 515–532. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00668-1

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