Jean Watson is a contemporary nursing theorist renowned for her Theory of Human Caring. Watson emphasizes the importance of creating a caring and compassionate relationship between the nurse and the patient.
Her theory focuses on ten factors:
- Upholding humanistic-altruistic values by practicing kindness and compassion
- Being genuinely present and fostering faith, hope, and belief systems while respecting the subjective experiences of oneself and others
- Cultivating self-awareness and spiritual practices, transcending ego-centeredness to achieve a transpersonal presence.
- Developing and nurturing loving, trusting, and caring relationships
- Encouraging the expression of both positive and negative emotions, actively listening to others’ stories without judgment
- Applying creative problem-solving through the caring-healing process
- Engaging in transpersonal teaching and learning within a caring relationship, adapting to the individual’s perspective and transitioning towards a coaching approach for enhanced health
- Creating a healing environment on various levels, fostering an atmosphere of authentic caring presence at an energetic and subtle level.
- Acknowledging the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit while upholding human dignity
- Embracing the spiritual, mysterious, and unknown aspects of life
Madeleine Leininger: Transcultural Nursing Theory
Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory, also called Culture Care Theory, focuses on providing culturally congruent care by understanding and respecting the values, beliefs, and practices of diverse individuals and groups.