:
- Correct Answer: be given the vaccine. (correct answer)
- Explanation: The varicella vaccine can still be administered even if the child has been exposed to chickenpox. The vaccine may help in preventing or reducing the severity of the disease.
Question 2:
The term caput succedaneum refers to:
- Correct Answer: scalp edema. (correct answer)
- Explanation: Caput succedaneum is the swelling of the soft tissues of the scalp that occurs due to pressure on the head during delivery. It usually resolves on its own without treatment.
Question 3:
A 7-year-old boy who was previously unimmunized received his first tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (TDaP), Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, inactivated polio (IPV), measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and Varicella vaccinations one month ago. He returns today for his second series of immunizations. He should receive:
- Correct Answer: Hepatitis B, TDaP, IPV, and MMR. (correct answer)
- Explanation: The child should receive the second doses of Hepatitis B, TDaP, IPV, and MMR vaccines according to the vaccination schedule. Varicella can be administered later.
Question 4:
A 7-year-old male presents with encopresis. The NP might expect:
- Correct Answer: constipation. (correct answer)
- Explanation: Encopresis often occurs due to chronic constipation, where stool builds up in the colon, causing involuntary leakage.
Question 5:
An infant is diagnosed with diaper dermatitis. Satellite lesions are visible. This should be treated with a:
- Correct Answer: topical antifungal agent. (correct answer)
- Explanation: Satellite lesions in diaper dermatitis are indicative of a fungal infection, commonly treated with a topical antifungal cream.
- Question 6:
- When is a child first able to stand on one foot?
- Correct Answer:
- 3 years.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: Most children develop the ability to balance on one foot by the age of 3, which is a milestone in their motor development.
- Question 7:
- A patient has suspected scarlet fever. He likely has a sandpaper rash and:
- Correct Answer:
- a positive rapid Strept test.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: Scarlet fever is commonly associated with Group A Streptococcus, and a positive rapid Strep test can confirm the diagnosis.
- Question 8:
- A 4-year-old female is brought into the clinic by her mother, who reports that she is constantly scratching “her private part.” The patient states that it itches. On exam, the vagina is red and irritated. How should the NP proceed?
- Correct Answer:
- Collect a vaginal swab of the external vagina for microscopic evaluation.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: Collecting a vaginal swab allows for the identification of possible infections or irritants causing the symptoms.
- Question 9:
- What early finding may lead the provider to suspect renal artery stenosis in a 3-year-old male?
- Correct Answer:
- Increased blood pressure.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: Renal artery stenosis can lead to hypertension in children, which may be an early indicator of this condition.
- Question 10:
- The chest circumference of a 12-month-old is:
- Correct Answer:
- equal to head circumference.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: At 12 months of age, it is typical for a child’s chest circumference to be approximately equal to the head circumference, which is a normal growth milestone.
- Question 11:
- Which reflex would NOT be observed in a 1-month-old infant?
- Correct Answer:
- Parachute reflex.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: The parachute reflex, which is a protective reflex, does not develop until about 8-9 months of age, so it would not be observed in a 1-month-old infant.
- Question 12:
- What is the earliest age that an average child would appropriately receive construction paper and a pair of scissors with rounded points?
- Correct Answer:
- 4 years.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: By the age of 4, children typically have developed the fine motor skills required to use scissors safely under supervision.
- Question 13:
- The pneumococcal immunization in infants has:
- Correct Answer:
- shifted the pathogenesis to fewer cases of S. pneumoniae.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: The pneumococcal vaccine has been effective in reducing the incidence of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants.
- Question 14:
- Most hypertension in preadolescents and children is:
- Correct Answer:
- secondary hypertension.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: In children, hypertension is often secondary to underlying conditions such as kidney disease, rather than primary (essential) hypertension.
- Question 15:
- According to the Tanner stages of development (Sexual Maturity Rating), breast development in Stage 5 in females includes the:
- Correct Answer:
- projection of the nipple only.
- (correct answer)
- Explanation: In Tanner Stage 5, the final stage of breast development, the breast reaches adult size and shape with the nipple projecting outwards.
Question 6:
When is a child first able to stand on one foot?
- Correct Answer: 3 years. (correct answer)
- Explanation: Most children develop the ability to balance on one foot by the age of 3, which is a milestone in their motor development.