Pick a prescription medication we may have studied this trimester that you will encounter in your future practice as an APRN and discuss the following information in a voice-over PowerPoint or Kaltura presentation. The medication needs to be a prescription medication that has a use for a condition you will manage in your future APRN practice.

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Please note that use of AI is prohibited on this assignment. If AI use is suspected, student will receive a zero on this assignment and be reported to the Office of Academic Integrity. Use of your or another student’s previous presentation constitutes plagiarism/cheating and will be handled in the same manner. Presentations will be put through TurnItIn for faculty review.

Part 1: The Drug

  1. Discuss your specialty and future practice goals and how you anticipate using the medication
  2. Name of medication (generic and trade names)
  3. Class
  4. Mechanism of action
  5. Indications (common) and your specific indication
  6. Dosage or route (for chosen indications–all, including peds dosing if indicated)
  7. Side effects or adverse reactions
  8. Monitoring (labs, follow up, when to adjust or titrate dosing)
  9. Patient education, cultural considerations, special populations (pregnancy, lactation, pediatrics, hepatic/renal failure)
  10. Financial considerations. Include insurance coverage information, special financial programs, & average cost for the patient for a 30 or 90 day supply cash pay without insurance.
  11. Be sure to include your future practice/ anticipated use of the drug, and any ethical or social considerations from the APRN standpoint in the use of the medication or treatment plan such as: availability, affordability, and potential pitfalls. Is the drug controversial in any way? Can everyone get it? Are there treatment alternatives that must be tried first? or insurance hurdles (prior authorization)?

Presentation Outline: Metformin (Glucophage)

Voice-Over PowerPoint or Kaltura Presentation

Slide 1: Title Slide

Title: Metformin (Glucophage): A Cornerstone in Type 2 Diabetes Management
Subtitle: Essential Information for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs)
Your Name, Program, Date

Slide 2: Introduction

Key Points:

  • Metformin is a first-line oral antihyperglycemic medication for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
  • Widely prescribed due to its efficacy, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness.
  • As an APRN, you will encounter patients with T2DM, making Metformin a critical medication in your practice.

Slide 3: Mechanism of Action

Key Points:

  • Class: Biguanide
  • Primary Actions:
    • Decreases hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis).
    • Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (muscle and fat).
    • Enhances glucose uptake and utilization.
  • Does not stimulate insulin secretion, minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia.

Slide 4: Indications

Key Points:

  • Primary Use: Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (monotherapy or in combination with other agents).
  • Off-Label Uses:
    • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to improve insulin resistance and regulate menstrual cycles.
    • Prediabetes to delay progression to T2DM.
    • Weight management in patients with obesity and insulin resistance.

Slide 5: Dosage and Administration

Key Points:

  • Initial Dose: 500 mg orally once or twice daily, or 850 mg once daily.
  • Maintenance Dose: Gradually increase to 2000 mg/day (maximum dose) based on tolerance and glycemic control.
  • Extended-Release Formulation: Available for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance.
  • Administration Tips:
    • Take with meals to reduce GI side effects.
    • Avoid in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min).

Slide 6: Side Effects

Key Points:

  • Common Side Effects:
    • Gastrointestinal: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort (usually transient).
    • Metallic taste.
  • Rare but Serious Side Effects:
    • Lactic acidosis (rare but life-threatening; monitor in high-risk patients).
    • Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use (monitor levels periodically).

Slide 7: Contraindications and Precautions

Key Points:

  • Contraindications:
    • Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min).
    • Metabolic acidosis (e.g., diabetic ketoacidosis).
    • Hypersensitivity to Metformin.
  • Precautions:
    • Use cautiously in elderly patients and those with hepatic impairment.
    • Temporarily discontinue before iodinated contrast imaging to reduce the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Slide 8: Monitoring and Patient Education

Key Points:

  • Monitoring:
    • Hemoglobin A1C (every 3-6 months).
    • Renal function (eGFR at baseline and annually).
    • Vitamin B12 levels in long-term users.
  • Patient Education:
    • Take with meals to minimize GI side effects.
    • Report symptoms of lactic acidosis (e.g., muscle pain, weakness, difficulty breathing).
    • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis.

Slide 9: Clinical Pearls for APRNs

Key Points:

  • Metformin is first-line therapy for T2DM due to its efficacy, safety, and low cost.
  • Start low and titrate slowly to minimize GI side effects.
  • Monitor renal function and educate patients about the signs of lactic acidosis.
  • Consider extended-release formulations for patients with GI intolerance.

Slide 10: Conclusion

Key Points:

  • Metformin is a cornerstone medication for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and other insulin-resistant conditions.
  • As an APRN, understanding its mechanism, indications, side effects, and monitoring requirements is essential for safe and effective patient care.
  • Patient education and regular monitoring are key to optimizing outcomes with Metformin therapy.

Slide 11: References

Key Points:

  • Include peer-reviewed articles, clinical guidelines (e.g., ADA Standards of Care), and drug prescribing information.
  • Examples:
    • American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.
    • Lexicomp. (2023). Metformin: Drug Information.
    • UpToDate. (2023). Metformin: Pharmacology and Use in Diabetes.

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Metformin, tailored to the needs of an APRN managing patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Let me know if you’d like to expand on any section or add visuals!

Published by Henry