During the initial assessment upon admission, the nurse must identify factors that may increase the client’s risk for injury. These factors include:
- History of Falls: A history of recent falls or difficulty with mobility significantly increases the risk of future falls and related injuries, such as fractures. Fall risk assessments are a standard part of admission procedures and help guide care planning (Ambrose, Paul, & Hausdorff, 2013).
- Impaired Mobility: Conditions such as arthritis, stroke, or muscle weakness can impair mobility, making the client more susceptible to falls and other injuries. The nurse should assess the client’s mobility and implement safety measures accordingly (de Vries et al., 2010).
- Cognitive Impairment: Clients with dementia, delirium, or other cognitive impairments are at higher risk for injury due to confusion, poor judgment, or an inability to follow safety instructions. Cognitive assessments help identify these clients so that appropriate interventions can be put in place (Inouye et al., 2014).
- Medications: Certain medications, particularly sedatives, antihypertensives, or anticoagulants, can increase the risk of falls, dizziness, or bleeding, leading to injury. The nurse should review the client’s medication list to identify potential risks and collaborate with the healthcare team to adjust treatment as needed (Huang et al., 2012).
- Sensory Deficits: Impaired vision or hearing can make it difficult for clients to detect hazards in their environment, increasing the risk of injury. The nurse should assess for sensory deficits and ensure that the environment is safe and accessible (Crews & Campbell, 2004).
- Environmental Hazards: The hospital environment itself can pose risks, such as slippery floors, poorly lit areas, or cluttered spaces, which may lead to accidents. Nurses should conduct regular environmental assessments and advocate for necessary changes to enhance safety (Oliver, Healey, & Haines, 2010).